diff --git a/literature/EXPOSURE_Finding Malicious Domains Using Passive DNS Analysis.pdf b/literature/EXPOSURE_Finding Malicious Domains Using Passive DNS Analysis_2011.pdf
similarity index 100%
rename from literature/EXPOSURE_Finding Malicious Domains Using Passive DNS Analysis.pdf
rename to literature/EXPOSURE_Finding Malicious Domains Using Passive DNS Analysis_2011.pdf
diff --git a/literature/EXPOSURE_Finding Malicious Domains Using Passive DNS Analysis_2014.pdf b/literature/EXPOSURE_Finding Malicious Domains Using Passive DNS Analysis_2014.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5766028
Binary files /dev/null and b/literature/EXPOSURE_Finding Malicious Domains Using Passive DNS Analysis_2014.pdf differ
diff --git a/src/DoresA/classify.py b/src/DoresA/classify.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..407b3d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/DoresA/classify.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+
+def load_whitelist():
+    filename = 'res/benign_domains.txt'
+    return open(filename).read().splitlines()
+
+
+def load_blacklist():
+    filename = 'res/malicious_domains.txt'
+    return open(filename).read().splitlines()
+
+
+# TODO check if white and blacklists have to be stripped to tld (subdomains)
+# TODO also check if subdomains are located in db
+def test():
+    filter_list = load_whitelist()
+
+    for item in filter_list:
+        print(item.count('.'))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test()
diff --git a/src/DoresA/db.py b/src/DoresA/db.py
index aa0878a..799d778 100644
--- a/src/DoresA/db.py
+++ b/src/DoresA/db.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import MySQLdb as mariadb
 import time
 import os
+import logging
 from pymongo import MongoClient
 
 
@@ -18,6 +19,10 @@ sql_pw = '3qfACEZzbXY4b'
 sql_table_name = 'pdns_logs_test'
 
 
+logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
+logger = logging.getLogger('db')
+
+
 if 'MYSQL_HOST' in os.environ:
     sql_host = os.environ['MYSQL_HOST']
 
@@ -63,7 +68,7 @@ def mariadb_insert_logs(csv_entries):
                        csv_entry[2], csv_entry[3], csv_entry[4]]
             inserts_sql += '(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s), '
         except IndexError:
-            print('index error for csv entry: ' + str(csv_entry))
+            logger.error('index error for csv entry: ' + str(csv_entry))
             pass
 
     # remove last comma for sql compatibility
@@ -72,15 +77,15 @@ def mariadb_insert_logs(csv_entries):
     try:
         sql_cursor.execute(inserts_sql, values)
     except Exception:
-        print('could not insert entry: ' + str(values))  # TODO proper error handling
+        logger.error('could not insert entry: ' + str(values))  # TODO proper error handling
         pass
 
     sql_connection.commit()
 
 
-def mariadb_get_logs(from_time, to_time):
+def mariadb_get_logs(id_upto, from_time=None, to_time=None):
     # get_logs_from_to = 'SELECT * FROM ' + sql_table_name + ' WHERE timestamp BETWEEN \'{}\' and \'{}\';'.format(from_time, to_time)
-    get_logs_from_to = 'SELECT * FROM ' + sql_table_name + ' WHERE id < 379283817;'
+    get_logs_from_to = 'SELECT * FROM ' + sql_table_name + ' WHERE id < {};'.format(id_upto)
     sql_connection.query(get_logs_from_to)
     return sql_connection.use_result()
 
@@ -94,7 +99,7 @@ def mariadb_get_logs(from_time, to_time):
 #     return sql_connection.use_result()
 
 
-def mariadb_get_logs_for_domain(domain, from_time, to_time):
+def mariadb_get_logs_for_domain(domain, id_upto, from_time=None, to_time=None):
     # we need a second connection for this query as this usually (always) run in parallel to the first query
     sql_connection_tmp = mariadb.connect(host=sql_host, user=sql_user_name, passwd=sql_pw, db=sql_db_name, port=sql_port)
 
@@ -103,7 +108,7 @@ def mariadb_get_logs_for_domain(domain, from_time, to_time):
     #                    ' WHERE timestamp BETWEEN \'{}\' and \'{}\' '.format(from_time, to_time) + \
     #                    'AND domain=\'' + domain + '\';'
     get_distinct_ttl = 'SELECT * FROM ' + sql_table_name + \
-                       ' WHERE id < 379283817 ' + \
+                       ' WHERE id < {} '.format(id_upto) + \
                        'AND domain=\'' + domain + '\';'
     sql_connection_tmp.query(get_distinct_ttl)
     result = sql_connection_tmp.use_result()
@@ -114,7 +119,7 @@ def mariadb_get_logs_for_domain(domain, from_time, to_time):
     return logs_for_domain
 
 
-def mariadb_get_logs_for_ip(ip, from_time, to_time):
+def mariadb_get_logs_for_ip(ip, id_upto, from_time=None, to_time=None):
     # we need a second connection for this query as this usually (always) run in parallel to the first query
     sql_connection_tmp = mariadb.connect(host=sql_host, user=sql_user_name, passwd=sql_pw, db=sql_db_name, port=sql_port)
     sql_cursor_tmp = sql_connection_tmp.cursor()
@@ -122,7 +127,7 @@ def mariadb_get_logs_for_ip(ip, from_time, to_time):
     #                    ' WHERE timestamp BETWEEN \'{}\' and \'{}\' '.format(from_time, to_time) + \
     #                    'AND domain=\'' + str(ip) + '\';'
     get_distinct_ttl = 'SELECT * FROM ' + sql_table_name + \
-                       ' WHERE id < 379283817 ' + \
+                       ' WHERE id < {} '.format(id_upto) + \
                        'AND domain=\'' + str(ip) + '\';'
     sql_connection_tmp.query(get_distinct_ttl)
 
diff --git a/src/DoresA/dns.py b/src/DoresA/dns.py
index 95deebf..bbea6e7 100644
--- a/src/DoresA/dns.py
+++ b/src/DoresA/dns.py
@@ -3,3 +3,11 @@ import socket
 
 def reverse(ip):
     return socket.gethostbyaddr(ip)
+
+
+def resolve(domain):
+    return socket.gethostbyname(domain)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    exit()
diff --git a/src/DoresA/ip.py b/src/DoresA/ip.py
index 8eaff44..3d1dcb8 100644
--- a/src/DoresA/ip.py
+++ b/src/DoresA/ip.py
@@ -1,4 +1,28 @@
 import re
+import logging
+from geoip2 import database, errors
+
+logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
+logger = logging.getLogger('ip')
+
+
+def get_country_by_ip(ip):
+    with database.Reader('res/GeoLite2-Country_20170905/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb') as reader:
+        result = reader.country(ip)
+        return result.country.names['en']
+
+
+def get_isp_by_ip(ip):
+    with database.Reader('res/GeoLite2-ASN_20171107/GeoLite2-ASN.mmdb') as reader:
+        try:
+            result = reader.asn(ip)
+            return result.autonomous_system_number
+        except errors.AddressNotFoundError:
+            logger.debug('address not in isp database')
+
+
+def test():
+    print(get_isp_by_ip('178.27.82.37'))
 
 
 # proudly taken from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/319279/how-to-validate-ip-address-in-python
@@ -72,3 +96,7 @@ def is_valid_ipv6(ip):
         $
     """, re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE | re.DOTALL)
     return pattern.match(ip) is not None
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test()
diff --git a/src/DoresA/location.py b/src/DoresA/location.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 7709cab..0000000
--- a/src/DoresA/location.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-from geolite2 import geolite2
-
-
-def get_country_by_ip(ip):
-    with geolite2 as gl2:
-        reader = gl2.reader()
-        result = reader.get(ip)
-
-        if result:
-            return result['country']['names']['en']
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    exit()
diff --git a/src/DoresA/logs/delete_not_A_or_AAAA.txt b/src/DoresA/logs/delete_not_A_or_AAAA.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6443b48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/DoresA/logs/delete_not_A_or_AAAA.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+delete from pdns_logs_test where type != 'A' AND type != 'AAAA';
+ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
+No connection. Trying to reconnect...
+Connection id:    3
+Current database: doresa
+
+Query OK, 101235298 rows affected (47 min 38.87 sec)
+
diff --git a/src/DoresA/pip-selfcheck.json b/src/DoresA/pip-selfcheck.json
index dadc5f4..34448d6 100644
--- a/src/DoresA/pip-selfcheck.json
+++ b/src/DoresA/pip-selfcheck.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"last_check":"2017-09-27T12:13:16Z","pypi_version":"9.0.1"}
\ No newline at end of file
+{"last_check":"2017-11-07T13:21:55Z","pypi_version":"9.0.1"}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/DoresA/requirements.txt b/src/DoresA/requirements.txt
index 45138c6..5009db5 100644
--- a/src/DoresA/requirements.txt
+++ b/src/DoresA/requirements.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,27 @@
+certifi==2017.11.5
+chardet==3.0.4
+cycler==0.10.0
+geoip2==2.6.0
+graphviz==0.8
+idna==2.6
+javabridge==1.0.15
+matplotlib==2.0.2
 maxminddb==1.3.0
 maxminddb-geolite2==2017.803
 mysqlclient==1.3.12
+nltk==3.2.5
 numpy==1.13.1
+pandas==0.20.3
 progress==1.3
 pyenchant==1.6.11
 pymongo==3.5.1
+pyparsing==2.2.0
 python-dateutil==2.6.1
 python-geoip==1.2
+python-weka-wrapper3==0.1.3
 pytz==2017.2
+requests==2.18.4
+scikit-learn==0.19.0
+scipy==0.19.1
 six==1.10.0
+urllib3==1.22
diff --git a/src/DoresA/res/GeoLite2-ASN_20171107/GeoLite2-ASN.mmdb b/src/DoresA/res/GeoLite2-ASN_20171107/GeoLite2-ASN.mmdb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c40cfba
Binary files /dev/null and b/src/DoresA/res/GeoLite2-ASN_20171107/GeoLite2-ASN.mmdb differ
diff --git a/src/DoresA/time.py b/src/DoresA/time.py
index 4cae2da..68899d4 100644
--- a/src/DoresA/time.py
+++ b/src/DoresA/time.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from detect_cusum import detect_cusum
 import numpy as np
+import datetime
+import math
 
 
 def cusum():
@@ -18,11 +20,32 @@ def variance(a):
     return np.var(a)
 
 
+# 'slot_length': amount of seconds for one slot
+# returns a dictionary with slots as keys and timestamps as values
+def split_to_fixed_slots(all_response_timestamps, analysis_start, slot_length):
+    fixed_slots = {}
+
+    for response_timestamp in all_response_timestamps:
+        slot = math.floor((response_timestamp - analysis_start).seconds / slot_length)
+        fixed_slots[slot] = response_timestamp
+    return fixed_slots
+
+
+def is_short_lived(all_response_timestamps, analysis_start, analysis_end):
+    fixed_slots = split_to_fixed_slots(all_response_timestamps, analysis_start, 3600)  # timeslot of length 3600 seconds
+    print(fixed_slots)
+
+
 def test():
     # a = np.array((1, 2, 3))
     # b = np.array((0, 1, 2))
     # print(variance(a))
-    cusum()
+
+    test_timestamps = [datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 1, 2, 5, 5), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 1, 2, 44, 21), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 1, 4, 48, 19), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 1, 4, 9, 40), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 1, 5, 14, 11), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 1, 6, 50, 54), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 1, 8, 52, 52), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 1, 9, 24, 31), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 1, 13, 29, 12), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 1, 12, 56, 56), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 1, 15, 3, 15), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 1, 15, 57, 6), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 1, 17, 58, 44), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 1, 20, 35, 52), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 1, 23, 6, 16), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 2, 0, 26, 11), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 2, 2, 41, 52), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 2, 3, 14, 5), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 2, 4, 43, 52), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 2, 5, 12, 2), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 2, 9, 32, 59), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 2, 11, 35, 18), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 2, 13, 30, 43), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 2, 17, 41), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 2, 16, 58, 55), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 2, 22, 9, 53), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 2, 22, 18, 15), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 3, 2, 22, 1), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 3, 2, 21, 8), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 3, 4, 24, 20), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 3, 6, 53, 43), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 3, 6, 56, 54), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 3, 8, 27, 58), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 3, 11, 0), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 3, 13, 32, 53), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 3, 13, 2), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 3, 13, 3, 44), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 3, 17, 6), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 3, 20, 12, 22), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 3, 20, 39, 54), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 3, 20, 9, 1), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 3, 22, 42, 2), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 4, 0, 21, 32), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 4, 0, 13, 15), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 4, 1, 14, 3), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 4, 1, 24, 33), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 4, 5, 35, 41), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 4, 7, 41, 13), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 4, 9, 44), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 4, 13, 49, 34), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 4, 18, 1), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 4, 19, 57, 25), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 4, 20, 2, 56), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 4, 23, 22, 25), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 5, 0, 42, 21), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 5, 1, 47, 24), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 5, 5, 47, 6), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 5, 9, 51, 1), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 5, 11, 53, 1), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 5, 12, 9, 22), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 5, 13, 2, 33), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 5, 13, 55, 1), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 5, 15, 57, 1), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 5, 16, 44, 29), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 5, 18, 24, 55), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 5, 23, 29, 55), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 6, 1, 6, 2), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 6, 2, 7, 1), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 6, 3, 8, 1), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 6, 5, 44, 4), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 6, 7, 12, 4), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 6, 8, 13, 2), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 6, 8, 13, 9), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 6, 9, 40, 54), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 6, 10, 24, 15), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 6, 12, 43, 56), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 6, 17, 11, 2), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 6, 17, 22, 1), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 6, 19, 50, 54), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 6, 19, 14, 29), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 6, 21, 15, 34), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 6, 23, 19, 34), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 7, 1, 56, 54), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 7, 2, 31, 23), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 7, 3, 58, 54), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 7, 6, 31, 22), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 7, 7, 36, 1), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 7, 8, 33, 51), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 7, 9, 3, 56), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 7, 10, 35, 36), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 7, 12, 41, 1), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 7, 17, 17, 37), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 7, 18, 47, 19), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 7, 19, 20, 37), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 7, 21, 53, 30), datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 7, 23, 52, 20)]
+
+    train_start = datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 1)
+    train_end = datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 8)
+    is_short_lived(test_timestamps, train_start, train_end)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/src/DoresA/train.py b/src/DoresA/train.py
index 23cdc32..2e39a9c 100644
--- a/src/DoresA/train.py
+++ b/src/DoresA/train.py
@@ -4,54 +4,80 @@ from sklearn import tree
 import numpy as np
 import graphviz
 import datetime
+import logging
 import time
 import db
 import domain
 import ip
-import location
+import ttl
+
+logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
+logger = logging.getLogger('train')
 
 db_format_time = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
 
 train_start = datetime.date(2017, 5, 1)
-train_end = datetime.date(2017, 5, 2)
+train_end = datetime.date(2017, 5, 8)
+
+id_upto = 379283817
+
+# id_upto = db.mariadb_get_nearest_id(train_end.strftime(db_format_time))
 
 
 def get_logs_from_db():
-    results = db.mariadb_get_logs(train_start.strftime(db_format_time), train_end.strftime(db_format_time))
+    results = db.mariadb_get_logs(id_upto)
 
     row = results.fetch_row(how=1)
 
-    print("# entity: " + row[0]['domain'])
+    logger.debug("# entity: " + row[0]['domain'])
 
     features = prepare_features(row[0])
 
-    print(str(features))
+    logger.info(str(features))
     # while row:
-    #     print("# entity: " + row[0]['domain'])
+    #     logger.debug("# entity: " + row[0]['domain'])
     #
     #     features = prepare_features(row[0])
     #
-    #     print(str(features))
+    #     logger.info(str(features))
     #
     #     row = results.fetch_row(how=1)
 
 
 def prepare_features(entity):
     # get all logs for the same domain
-    logs_for_domain = db.mariadb_get_logs_for_domain(entity['domain'], train_start.strftime(db_format_time),
-                                                     train_end.strftime(db_format_time))
+
+    checkpoint = time.time()
+    logger.debug('get logs for domain start')
+    # BIG TODO check if we need the ip addresses of a specific response (not of all [different] responses) somewhere
+    logs_for_domain = db.mariadb_get_logs_for_domain(entity['domain'], id_upto)
+    logger.debug('get logs for domain done' + str(time.time() - checkpoint) + ' s')
+
+    # TODO do this efficient
     ttls = [log['ttl'] for log in logs_for_domain]
+    logger.info('ttls ' + str(ttls))
     ips = [log['record'] for log in logs_for_domain]  # TODO check if valid ip address
+    logger.info(ips)
+    response_timestamps = [log['timestamp'] for log in logs_for_domain]
+    logger.info(response_timestamps)
 
     domains_with_same_ip = []
     # get all logs for the same ip if valid ip
     if ip.is_valid_ipv4(entity['record']) or ip.is_valid_ipv6(entity['record']):
-        logs_for_ip = db.mariadb_get_logs_for_ip(entity['record'], train_start.strftime(db_format_time),
-                                                 train_end.strftime(db_format_time))
+        checkpoint = time.time()
+        logger.debug('get logs for ip start')
+        logs_for_ip = db.mariadb_get_logs_for_ip(entity['record'], id_upto)
+        logger.debug('get logs for ip done' + str(time.time() - checkpoint) + ' s')
         domains_with_same_ip = [log['domain'] for log in logs_for_ip]
 
     # feature 1: Short Life
 
+    # 2 atomic features
+
+    # atomic 1:
+
+    # atomic 2:
+
     short_life = 0
 
     # feature 2: Daily Similarity
@@ -60,10 +86,22 @@ def prepare_features(entity):
 
     # feature 3: Repeating Patterns
 
+    # 2 atomic features
+
+    # atomic 1:
+
+    # atomic 2:
+
     repeating_patterns = 0
 
     # feature 4: Access ratio
 
+    # 2 atomic features
+
+    # atomic 1:
+
+    # atomic 2:
+
     access_ratio = 0
 
     # feature 5: Number of distinct IP addresses
@@ -72,7 +110,7 @@ def prepare_features(entity):
 
     # feature 6: Number of distinct countries
 
-    distinct_countries = len(list(set([location.get_country_by_ip(ip) for ip in list(set(ips))])))
+    distinct_countries = len(list(set([ip.get_country_by_ip(ip_str) for ip_str in list(set(ips))])))
 
     # feature 7: Number of (distinct) domains share the IP with
 
@@ -80,6 +118,20 @@ def prepare_features(entity):
 
     # feature 8: Reverse DNS query results
 
+    # 5 atomic feature
+
+    # atomic 1: ratio of IP addresses that cannot be matched with a domain name (NX domains)
+
+    # atomic 2: ips that are used for DSL lines
+
+    # atomic 3: ips that belong to hosting services
+
+    # atomic 4: ips that belong to known ISPs
+
+    # atomic 5: ips that can be matched with a valid domain name
+
+    # TODO add atomics to 'all_features'
+
     reverse_dns_result = 0
 
     # feature 9: Average TTL
@@ -88,7 +140,7 @@ def prepare_features(entity):
 
     # feature 10: Standard Deviation of TTL
 
-    standard_deviation = 0
+    standard_deviation = ttl.standard_deviation(ttls)  # TODO distinct ttls for std deviation?
 
     # feature 11: Number of distinct TTL values
 
@@ -96,23 +148,12 @@ def prepare_features(entity):
 
     # feature 12: Number of TTL change
 
-    ttl_changes = 0
+    ttl_changes = ttl.changes(ttls)
 
     # feature 13: Percentage usage of specific TTL ranges
     # specific ranges: [0, 1], [1, 100], [100, 300], [300, 900], [900, inf]
-    # TODO decide if 5 individual features make a difference
-
-    ttl = entity['ttl']
-    specific_ttl_ranges = 4  # default is [900, inf]
-
-    if 0 < ttl <= 1:
-        specific_ttl_ranges = 0
-    elif 1 < ttl <= 100:
-        specific_ttl_ranges = 1
-    elif 100 < ttl <= 300:
-        specific_ttl_ranges = 2
-    elif 300 < ttl <= 900:
-        specific_ttl_ranges = 3
+    # TODO check if 5 individual features make a difference
+    specific_ttl_ranges = ttl.specific_range(entity['ttl'])
 
     # feature 14: % of numerical characters
 
@@ -133,11 +174,11 @@ def prepare_features(entity):
 
 def test():
     start = time.time()
-    print('starting training ' + str(start))
+    logger.debug('starting training ' + str(start))
 
     get_logs_from_db()
 
-    print('total duration: ' + str(time.time() - start) + 's')
+    logger.debug('total duration: ' + str(time.time() - start) + 's')
     db.close()
 
     # db.mariadb_get_distinct_ttl('d2s45lswxaswrw.cloudfront.net', train_start.strftime(db_format_time), train_end.strftime(db_format_time))
diff --git a/src/DoresA/ttl.py b/src/DoresA/ttl.py
index 7843634..51f16fa 100644
--- a/src/DoresA/ttl.py
+++ b/src/DoresA/ttl.py
@@ -5,5 +5,31 @@ def standard_deviation(array):
     return np.std(array)
 
 
+def changes(array):
+    current = array[0]
+    changes = 0
+
+    for item in array:
+        if item != current:
+            changes += 1
+        current = item
+    return changes
+
+
+# specific ranges: [0, 1], [1, 100], [100, 300], [300, 900], [900, inf]
+def specific_range(ttl):
+    specific_ttl_ranges = 4  # default is [900, inf]
+
+    if 0 < ttl <= 1:
+        specific_ttl_ranges = 0
+    elif 1 < ttl <= 100:
+        specific_ttl_ranges = 1
+    elif 100 < ttl <= 300:
+        specific_ttl_ranges = 2
+    elif 300 < ttl <= 900:
+        specific_ttl_ranges = 3
+    return specific_ttl_ranges
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     exit()